The Association between Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke and Disease in the Chinese Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the association between exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) and 23 diseases, categorized into four classifications, among the Chinese population.@*METHODS@#We searched the literature up to June 30, 2021, and eligible studies were identified according to the PECOS format: Participants and Competitors (Chinese population), Exposure (SHS), Outcomes (Disease or Death), and Study design (Case-control or Cohort).@*RESULTS@#In total, 53 studies were selected. The odds ratio (OR) for all types of cancer was 1.79 (1.56-2.05), and for individual cancers was 1.92 (1.42-2.59) for lung cancer, 1.57 (1.40-1.76) for breast cancer, 1.52 (1.12-2.05) for bladder cancer, and 1.37 (1.08-1.73) for liver cancer. The OR for circulatory system diseases was 1.92 (1.29-2.85), with a value of 2.29 (1.26-4.159) for stroke. The OR of respiratory system diseases was 1.76 (1.13-2.74), with a value of 1.82 (1.07-3.11) for childhood asthma. The original ORs were also shown for other diseases. Subgroup analyses were performed for lung and breast cancer. The ORs varied according to time period and were significant during exposure in the household; For lung cancer, the OR was significant in women.@*CONCLUSION@#The effect of SHS exposure in China was similar to that in Western countries, but its definition and characterization require further clarification. Studies on the association between SHS exposure and certain diseases with high incidence rates are insufficient.

Research Progress on Determination of Drowning Site / 法医学杂志

The bodies found in water are one of the most common types in forensic practice. The dis-covery site of the body is often not the drowning site. However, the determination of drowning site is vital for the identification of victim. Inorganic particles and planktons, such as granular impurities, diatoms and bacteria, are valuable markers for the diagnosis of drowning. By comparing the granular impurities and planktons in tissues and suspicious drowning mediums, the drowning site can be concluded based on their similarity of types and distribution, which has practical applied value. In this paper, the research progress on determination of drowning site is summarized to provide reference for the peers.

Clinical Application of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers for Improvement of Nasolabial Folds / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical effect of hyaluronic acid fillers in the personality injection methods of nasolabial folds. METHODS Anesthesia was obtained with a topical anesthesia peel off mask of lidocaine. Hyaluronic acid was injected into the tissue with hypodermic or blunt-tip needle. The volume injected was variable, depending on the depth and the extent of the defect. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 236 Patients were treated from 2013 to 2017. Using different injection methods of hyaluronic acid fillers to improve nasolabial folds could produce less complication and higher satisfaction.

The current situation and factors impacting nursing soft skills among student nurses / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate and analyse the current situation and the factors impacting nursing soft skills in order to provide targeted advice to improve students′ nursing soft skills .Methods Totally 1 000 student nurses were investigated by the nursing soft skills scale and the self‐designed questionnaire .Results First ,there was no differences between the nursing soft skill of students and the national new nurses(P> 0 .05) .But the students′ organizational management and cognitive skills were lower than that of national new nurses(P< 0 .05) .Second ,class leader ,familiarity and fancy for nursing science were the main factors impac‐ting nursing soft skills(P< 0 .05) .Third ,the students′ organizational management and cognitive skills had an increasing trend fol‐lowing the extent of familiarity and fancy for nursing science(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Education management institution and nursing schools should try to make some reform mearsure to improve students′ nursing soft skills .

Characteristics of complete genome of pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza virus isolated in Fujian Province, China / 病毒学报

This study aims to investigate the characteristics of genomic variation of pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza virus isolated in Fujian Province, China. Complete genome sequence analysis was performed on 14 strains of pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza virus isolated from Fujian during 2009-2012. All virus strains were typical low-pathogenic influenza viruses, with resistance to amantadine and sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors. Eight genome fragments of all strains were closely related to those of A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) vaccine strain, with > or = 98.2% homology. Compared with the vaccine strain, the influenza strains from Fujian had relatively large variation, and variation was identified at 11 amino acid sites of the HA gene of A/Fujiangulou/SWL1155/2012 strain, including 4 sites (H138R, L161I, S185T, and S203T) involved inthree antigen determinants (Ca, Sa, and Sb). In conclusion, the influenza vaccine has a satisfactory protective effect on Fujian population, but the influenza strains from Fujian in 2012 has antigenic drift compared with the vaccine strain, more attention should therefore be paid to the surveillance of mutations of pandemic A/H1N1/2009 influenza virus.

Item function analysis on the Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease(QOL-AD)Chinese version, based on the Item Response Theory(IRT) / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To introduce the Item Function Analysis(IFA) of Quality of Life- Alzheimer's disease(QOL-AD)Chinese version and to explore the feasibility of its application on Chinese patients with AD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred AD patients were interviewed and assessed by QOL-AD, through the stratified cluster sampling method. Multilog 7.03. was used for Item Function Analysis. Difference scale(a), difficulty scale(b)and Item Characteristic Curve(ICC) of each item of QOL-AD were provided.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Different scales of the item 1, 7 were below 0.6, while all the others were above 0.6. As for ICC. The first and last lines for the other items were monotonic in which the two in between were in inverted V-shape, with very steep slopes, except for the item 1 and 7.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Results form the IFA showed that QOL-AD was applicable to be used in the Chinese patients with AD.</p>

Current status and influencing factors regarding quality of life among patients with Alzheimer's disease / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors regarding quality of life among patients with Alzheimer' s disease (AD).Methods Through stratified cluster sampling method,two hundred patients with AD and their caregivers were chosen and interviewed.AD patients were assessed by questionnaires,Montreal Cognitive Assessment,and Quality of LifeAlzheimer' s Disease (QOL-AD),in order to compare the reports from patients and caregivers on QOL-AD and to analyze related influencing factors.Descriptive analysis,paired t-test,analysis of variance (ANOVA),Pearson' s correlation and multiple linear regression were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).Results The scores of reports from patients (28.78 ±4.30) were lower than that from the caregivers' (30.05 ± 6.05).The difference was statistically significant (t=2.122,P＜0.05) and was positively correlated (r=0.312,P＜0.001).Data from multivariate analysis showed that cognitive level (t=3.465,P=0.001),marriage relationship (t=3.062,P=0.003 ),having public activities (t =2.581,P=0.011 ),personal characters (t =2.254,P =0.026),restricted diet pattern (t=3.614,P＜0.001),regularly drinking tea (t=2.652,P=0.009) and doing housework (t=3.180,P=0.002) were predictive factors.Conclusion Scores from the caregiver' s report on QOL-AD were higher than that from the patients'.Many factors influenced the quality of life on AD patients.Strategies on improving the quality of life among AD patients can be developed based on the findings of this study.

Related factors on patients with depression related to Alzheimer's disease based on the improved cumulative logistic regression / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the determinants of Alzheimer' s disease (AD) patients with depression.Methods The degree of depression on AD patients was assessed by the geriatric depression scale.Improved cumulative logistic regression (ICLR) was used to analyze the determinants of AD patients with depression.Results 196 AD patients were investigated.Among the 196 AD patients,there were 60(30.6％ ) males and 136(69.4％ ) females,at 58-89 years of age (72.3 ± 6.0).Physical activity,diabetes,MoCA,hearing,economic sources and alcohol were related to the degree of depression of AD patients (P＜0.10 ).The difference between “normal” and “mild depression” was smaller than difference between “mild depression” and “severe depression”.Conclusion AD patients with mild depression were the target population for prevention and they were influenced by several factors listed above.

Sequencing and analysis of the complete genome sequence of WU polyomavirus in Fuzhou, China / 病毒学报

WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), a new member of the genus Polyomavirus in the family Polyomaviridae, is recently found in patients with respiratory tract infections. In our study, the complete genome of the two WUPyV isolates (FZ18, FZTF) were sequenced and deposited in GenBank (accession nos. FJ890981, FJ890982). The two sequences of the WUPyV isolates in this study varied little from each other. Compared with other complete genome sequences of WUPyV in GenBank (strain B0, S1-S4, CLFF, accession nos. EF444549, EF444550, EF444551, EF444552, EF444553, EU296475 respectively), the sequence length in nucleotides is 5228bp, 1bp shorter than the known sequences. The deleted base pair was at nucleotide position 4536 in the non-coding region of large T antigen (LTAg). The genome of the WUPyV encoded for five proteins. They were three capsid proteins: VP2, VP1, VP3 and LTAg, small T antigen (STAg), respectively. To investigate whether these nucleotide sequences had any unique features, we compared the genome sequence of the 2 WUPyV isolates in Fuzhou, China to those documented in the GenBank database by using PHYLIP software version 3.65 and the neighbor-joining method. The 2 WUPyV strains in our study were clustered together. Strain FZTF was more closed to the reference strain B0 of Australian than strain FZ18.

Human/mouse chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody enhances antigen presentation in dendritic cells and induces anti-lymphoma CTL effects / 中国实验血液学杂志

In order to investigate the cellular immunoresponses mediated by chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD20 McAb) through dendritic cells (DCs), mononuclear cells were isolated from human peripheral blood (PBMNC) and DCs from PBMNCs in vitro were generated with normal methods. Human CD20 positive lymphoma cell line-Raji cells were treated with different methods including treatment with anti-CD20 McAb (group R), treatment with heat-induced apoptosis (group A) and treatment with anti-CD20 McAb+heat-induced apoptosis (group R+A), then Raji cells treated with above-mentioned methods as tumor antigen were loaded on DCs. The phagocytosis of DCs to tumor antigen was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM), the auto-mixed lymphocyte reaction was performed with antigen-primed DCs, the release of INF-gammafrom effector cells was detected by ELISPOT, the killing of effector cells on Raji cells was assayed by MTT. The results showed that under TEM, no pronounced phagocytosis of DCs was seen in group R, while the phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies could be easily seen in group A and the more cell fraqments were observed in group R+A. The FCM indicated that the expressions of CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR on DCs in 3 experimental groups were higher than those in group control (p<0.05), while expression positive rate in group R+A was higher than those in group R and A (p<0.05). The detection of lymphocyte surface antigen revealed that proportions of CD8+ cells in all experimental groups were higher than those in group control (p<0.05), count of CD56+ cells in group R and R+A increased, as compared with group A and control, difference was significant (p<0.05). ELISPOT assay indicated that amount of cells releasing IFN-gamma in all experimental groups was higher than that in group control, and also number of spots in group R+A significantly higher than that in other groups at effector-targetor ratio=1:10 (p<0.05). The results of killing assay demonstrated that killing rate on Raji cells in all experimental groups increased as compared with group control (p<0.05), while killing rate in group R+A was higher than that in group R and A. It is concluded that anti-CD20 McAb can mediate DC to induce cellular immunoresponse against lymphoma, that is, to stimulate and amplify specific CTLs and NK cells. Anti-CD20 McAb combined with DCs primed by heat-stressed tumor cells as antigen can further enhance cellular immunoresponse against lymphoma.

Clinical study on treatment of fatty liver by shennong ganzhining / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the therapeutic effect and safety of Shennong Ganzhining (SG) in treating fatty liver.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and ninety patients with fatty liver were randomly divided into two groups. The 142 patients in the treated group received SG and the 48 in the control group received Zhibituo treatment for 3 months. The comprehensive therapeutic effect after treatment, symptoms, signs, liver function, blood lipids and blood viscosity, as well as iconographic parameters were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate in the treated group was 80.98%, which was higher than that in the control group (75.00%), showing significant difference statistically (P < 0.05). Satisfactory effect was obtained in recovery of liver function, improvement of blood lipids, blood viscosity and iconographic parameters, no severe adverse reaction occurred.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SG is obviously effective in treating fatty liver with favorable safety.</p>

Diagnosis of thalassemia by using genechips / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The new technology of genechip is exerting a significant impact on the identification of thalassemia, and allows to rapidly and efficiently detect a number of molecular disorders. The aim of the present study was to explore the application value of the diagnostic genechip in determining thalassemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The subjects group consisted of 62 children with alpha thalassemia and 93 children with beta thalassemia (60 with thalassemia trait, 33 with thalassemia major) from Guangdong province were tested from July 2002 to July 2003; 115 were males and 40 were females, the age ranged from 1 day to 11 years. These children had mild, moderate or severe anemia. Laboratory examinations showed microcytosis and hypochromocytosis. DNA was extracted from ACD coagulated blood with Invisorb DNA extraction kit. After preparation, the alpha and beta globin gene organization and structure of sample was analyzed by genechip technology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Heterozygotes, homozygotes and compound heterozygotes of the three commonest deletional alpha thalassemia (--(SEA), -alpha(3.7), -alpha(4.2)) and two non-deletional alpha thalassemia (HbCS, HbQS) were successfully detected. (2) Eight different mutations were identified in 126 chromosomes among 60 cases with beta thalassemia traits and 33 cases with beta thalassemia major, namely CD41-42, IVS-II-654, TATAbox-28, CD17, CD71-72 (+A), betaE(26) CD27-28 (+C) and CD71-72 (+T), with the frequencies of 33.5%, 23.9%, 15.0%, 15.0%, 4.8%, 2.4%, 2.4% and 1.5% respectively. (3) Eight cases (13.3%) in 60 thalassemia traits, two cases (6%) 33 cases with thalassemia major were detected to be combined with alpha thalassemia mutation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>(1) The usage of genechip in identifying thalassemia mutations has the advantages of simplicity, economy and shorter time. This technique does not use radioisotope and could also detect alpha and beta thalassemia mutations simultaneously. (2) The occurrence of alpha and beta thalassemia dual heterozygotes is frequent in Guangdong province and the genechip technology is important in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia in this area.</p>